Products offering a more general data model than the relational model are sometimes classified as post-relational.[3] Alternate terms include "hybrid database", "Object-enhanced RDBMS" and others. The data model in such products incorporates relations but is not constrained byE.F. Codd's Information Principle, which requires that
all information in the database must be cast explicitly in terms of values in relations and in no other way[4]
Some of these extensions to the relational model integrate concepts from technologies that pre-date the relational model. For example, they allow representation of a directed graph with trees on the nodes.
Some post-relational products extend relational systems with non-relational features. Others arrived in much the same place by adding relational features to pre-relational systems. Paradoxically, this allows products that are historically pre-relational, such as PICK andMUMPS, to make a plausible claim to be post-relational.
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