Protocol layers and sub-topics

Courses and textbooks in the field of data transmission typically deal with the following protocol layers and topics:
Layer 1, the physical layer:
Channel coding including

• Digital modulation methods
• Line coding methods
• Forward error correction (FEC)

Bit synchronization
Multiplexing
Equalization
Channel models
Layer 2, the data link layer:
Channel access schemes, media access control (MAC)
Packet mode communication and Frame synchronization
Error detection and automatic repeat request (ARQ)
Flow control
Layer 6, the presentation layer:
Source coding (digitization and data compression), and information theory.
Cryptography (may occur at any layer)

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